Fig 1.
Toxicity of TCAP to S. exigua.
A, LC10, LC30, and LC50 of the 1st and 3rd instar larvae of S. exigua; and B, The larval and pupal mortalities of S. exigua treated with TCAP. The bars labeled with different letters are significantly different (via Fisher’s protected least significant difference (LSD), P < 0.05).
Table 1.
Effects of TCAP on the development, pupal weight, longevity, and fecundity of S. exigua.
Table 2.
Mean (±SE) life-table parameters of S. exigua treated with TCAP.
Fig 2.
Age-stage specific survival rate (Sxj) curves of S. exigua treated with sublethal concentrations of TCAP.
A, control; B, LC10 group; and C, LC30 group.
Fig 3.
Effects of sublethal TCAP on the age-specific survival rate and population fecundity.
A, age-specific survival rate curve (lx); B, age-specific curve of the fecundity of the total population (mx); and C, age-specific maternity curve (lxmx) for S. exigua.
Fig 4.
The age-stage reproduction curves (Vxj) of S. exigua.
A, the Vxj curves of the larvae in the control group; B, the Vxj curves of the pupae and adult females in the control group; C, the Vxj curves of the larvae in the LC10 group; D, the Vxj curves of the pupae and adult females in the LC10 group; E, the Vxj of the larvae in the LC30 group; and F, the Vxj of the pupae and adult females in the LC30 group.
Table 3.
Acute toxicity of TCAP against the larvae and adults of H. axyridis.
Table 4.
Toxicity of TCAP against E. fetida earthworms.