Fig 1.
Standard deviation for healthy older controls and for patients with Peripheral Artery Disease with Intermittent Claudication (PAD-IC) in the pain free and reduced blood flow conditions for ankle, knee, and hip ranges of motion.
* indicates significant differences between conditions (pain free vs. reduced blood flow, p < 0.05). + indicates significant differences between groups (healthy older controls vs. PAD-IC, p < 0.05). # indicates post-hoc tests where significant interaction exists between groups and conditions. Bar graphs represent the mean values and error bars represent the standard deviation. Mean value for each bar was mentioned at the top of the corresponding error bar.
Fig 2.
Coefficient of variation for healthy older controls and for patients with Peripheral Artery Disease with Intermittent Claudication (PAD-IC) in the pain free and reduced blood flow conditions for ankle, knee, and hip ranges of motion.
* indicates significant differences between conditions (pain free vs. reduced blood flow, p < 0.05). + indicates significant differences between groups (healthy older controls vs PAD-IC, p < 0.05). # indicates post-hoc tests where significant interaction exists between groups and conditions. Bar graphs represent the mean values and error bars represent the standard deviation. Mean value for each bar was mentioned at the top of the corresponding error bar.
Fig 3.
Largest Lyapunov exponent values for healthy older controls and for patients with Peripheral Artery Disease wth Intermittent Claudication (PAD-IC) in the pain free and reduced blood flow conditions for ankle, knee, and hip ranges of motion.
* indicates significant differences between conditions (pain free vs. reduced blood flow, p < 0.05). + indicates significant differences between groups (healthy older controls vs. PAD-IC, p < 0.05). # indicates post-hoc tests where significant interaction exists between groups and conditions. Bar graphs represent the mean values and error bars represent the standard deviation. Mean value for each bar was mentioned at the top of the corresponding error bar.
Fig 4.
Approximate entropy values for healthy older controls and for patients with Peripheral Artery Disease with Intermittent Claudication (PAD-IC) in the pain free and reduced blood flow conditions for ankle, knee, and hip ranges of motion.
* indicates significant differences between conditions (pain free vs. reduced blood flow, p < 0.05). + indicates significant differences between groups (healthy older controls vs PAD-IC, p < 0.05). # indicates post-hoc tests where significant interaction exists between groups and conditions. Bar graphs represent the mean values and error bars represent the standard deviation. Mean value for each bar was mentioned at the top of the corresponding error bar.
Fig 5.
Results from Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses.
Six dependent variables have significant relationship exist with disease status and all of them have area under the curve ≥ 0.75. a) ROC curves for Largest Lyapunov exponent of ankle, knee, and hip ranges of motion, b) ROC curves for coefficient of variation of knee and hip ranges of motion, c) ROC curve for standard deviation of hip range of motion.