Fig 1.
Map of study area showing different ecological zones and sampling sites of Punjab, Pakistan.
Table 1.
Demographic data about informants of the study area.
Fig 2.
Venn diagram representing the overlap of taxa cited by different education groups.
a) Illiterate, b) Middle education (primary to secondary), and c) Higher education (secondary to PhD).
Fig 3.
Linguistic wise classification and geographic distribution of the informants.
Fig 4.
Proportion of plant part (s) used in different recipes for the disease management.
Fig 5.
Commonly used methods in the preparation of herbal recipies.
Fig 6.
Major disease categories with use reports (%) in the study area.
[Infectious diseases: cholera, tick infestation, typhoid fever, pneumonia, foot and mouth diseases, malaria, hemorrhagic fever, toothache, viral, fungal and bacterial infection, oral infections. Digestive disorders: stomachache, indigestion, gastro enteritis, abdominal pain, appetite, constipation, dysentery, diarrhea, dyspepsia. Internal causes: jaundice, toxification, piles, and general weakness. Skin disorders: allergies, herps, measles, soreness, shingles, itching. Cardiac diseases: blood pressure, heart palpitations, inflammation, anemia, diabetic. Kidney problems: urinary problems, urinary tract infections. Reproductive diseases: sexual disorder, premature ejaculation, menstrual discharge, dysfunctional organs, leucorrhoea, infertility. Nervous problems: hysteria, nervous exhaustion, headaches. Musculoskeletal diseases: bone fractures. Respiratory infections: bronchitis, cough. Injuries: skins injuries or cutting, wound healings. Cancer disorders: tumors.].
Table 2.
Tribe wise distribution of plants of Poaceae with frequency of citations (FC), relative frequency of citations (RFC), use value (UV) and cultural significance index (CSI) values.
Fig 7.
The scatter plot representing correlation.
a) UV vs CSI, b) RFC vs SCI, and c) UV vs RFC.
Table 3.
Highly utilized plant species with FL, RPL and ROP.
Table 4.
Comparison between this study and other studies from Pakistan.
Evidences based comp.
Table 5.
Comparison between this study and other studies from outside the Pakistan.
Evidences based comp.