Fig 1.
Map of Harris County in Texas and its 786 census tracts (2018).
The industrial areas are defined according to the State of Texas classification of parcels.
Fig 2.
Number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 over time since March 1, 2020 in New York County and Harris County.
Table 1.
Variables within each category (the choice of variables was based on the PCA analysis, previous studies, and data availability).
Fig 3.
Flowchart showing the various steps in defining the five categories and calculating the vulnerabilities.
Fig 4.
Map showing the distance from the centroid of census tracts to the nearest medical facility.
Fig 5.
Map showing the distance from the centroid of census tracts to the nearest hazardous site.
Fig 6.
Flooding vulnerability based on the number of households that filed damage claims to the Federal Emergency Management Agency after Hurricane Harvey.
Fig 7.
The average exceedance for variables in the 5 categories.
Averaged exceedance values are reported in percentiles for the purpose of comparison among tracts.
Fig 8.
Overall vulnerability based on determinants in all 5 categories.
Areas with hatched lines represent census tracts with missing data on chronic disease risk factors, health outcomes, and clinical preventive services [46].
Fig 9.
A) Geospatial variability in the normalized COVID-19 confirmed cases in Harris County as of August 16, 2020, at the census tract level. The data was converted from a zip code level database, and B) distribution of normalized cases among tracts with different levels (quantiles) of overall vulnerabilities.
Table 2.
Distribution of the total population, and those of ages between 45 and 65, and above 65 years within different determinant category percentiles of vulnerability in Harris County.