Fig 1.
Flow diagram of the process of selecting and excluding studies for the meta-analyses.
IPD, individual participant data; IVF, in vitro fertilization.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the eligible studies.
Fig 2.
Risk of bias for the eligible studies.
Risk of bias legend: A = random sequence generation; B = allocation concealment; C = blinding of participants and personnel; D = blinding of outcome data; E = incomplete data; F = selective reporting; G = other bias. ahigh risk of bias was expected for the assessment of adverse events; the risk of bias was lower for efficacy outcomes due to the objective methods of assessment. bA high risk of bias was expected for the reporting of adverse events. cStudy contained a larger proportion of women > 40 years of age in the oral dydrogesterone group. dSingle-blind study. eDouble-blind study, but patients were aware of the treatment arm due to the different routes of administration and the lack of use of a placebo dummy. fOpen-label study. g10.3% participants were excluded after randomization, and the numbers lost to follow-up were unbalanced between treatment groups. hDouble-blind, double-dummy study.
Table 2.
Meta-analysis of IPD: Overall demographics and course and outcomes of pregnancy of subjects in the two studies (FAS).
Fig 3.
Meta-analysis of IPD: Influence of significant predictor variables (including treatment) on ongoing pregnancy and live birth (FAS).
CI, confidence interval; DYD, dydrogesterone; FAS, full analysis sample; IPD, individual participant data; MVP, micronized vaginal progesterone; NA, not applicable; OR, odds ratio. aAdjusted for age, study site, and day of embryo transfer. bAt 12 weeks of gestation. c75 sites in the dataset, resulting in 74 ORs and 95% CIs.
Table 3.
Meta-analysis of IPD: Influence of predictor variables on ongoing pregnancy rate (FAS)a.
Fig 4.
Fixed effect and random effects model meta-analysis of IPD and aggregate data: odds ratio for (A) pregnancy rate and (B) live birth rate (oral dydrogesterone versus MVP). CI, confidence interval; DYD, dydrogesterone; MVP, micronized vaginal progesterone; OR, odds ratio.