Table 1.
Bacterial and fungal strains used in this work.
Fig 1.
Neighbor-joining tree of partially sequenced 16S rDNA genes.
The tree was designed from P. fluorescens group 16S rDNA gene sequences. GenBank accession numbers are given in brackets. The 16S rDNA gene sequence of P. aeruginosa KSG was used to root the phylogenetic tree. The scale bar indicates a genetic distance of 0.005 nt substitutions per site.
Fig 2.
Phylogenetic tree generated by concatenation of the 16S rDNA, rpoB, rpoD, and gyrB gene sequences retrieved from Pseudomonas sp. EMM-1 and strains from P. fluorescens group.
Accession numbers for 16S rDNA, gyrB, rpoB and rpoD, respectively, are given in brackets. P. aeruginosa KSG was used to root the phylogenetic tree. The scale bar indicates a genetic distance of 0.020 nt substitutions per site.
Fig 3.
Inhibitory activity of P. protegens EMM-1 against bacterial and fungal strains.
(A) Representative pictures of inhibition halos. (B) The diameter of inhibition halos (mm) was measured after 24 h of incubation for bacterial strains and after 72 h of incubation for fungal strains. Bars represent the mean of three independent replicates ± standard deviation (SD). The analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism version 6.0 software (San Diego, CA, USA).
Fig 4.
Inhibitory activity of the crude extract against Streptococcus sp. SP10.
The crude extract (A) and a negative control (B) were evaluated by the agar-well diffusion assay.
Table 2.
Effect of pH, temperature, and enzyme treatment on the activity of the crude extract.