Fig 1.
Destruction zone of the top coal and surrounding rock.
Fig 2.
Zoning situation after the goaf collapse.
Fig 3.
Surface subsidence of a unit in the horizontal section top coal caving of the steeply inclined extra-thick coal seam.
Fig 4.
Kelvin creep curve.
Fig 5.
Diagram of the mining horizon of the Liudaowan coal mine.
Table 1.
Basic parameters of the surface deformation prediction of the Liudaowan coal mine.
Table 2.
Residual deformation comparison of the monitoring and prediction of the Nandacao and Beidacao goafs.
Fig 6.
Comparison of the monitoring value and dynamic prediction value of the residual subsidence in the Beidacao goaf.
Fig 7.
Numerical model figure of the Nandacao and Beidacao seams after excavation.
Table 3.
Mechanical parameters.
Table 4.
Mechanical parameters of the Burgers creep model.
Fig 8.
Calculation result of the residual subsidence numerical model.
Fig 9.
Calculation result of the prediction model for residual subsidence.