Fig 1.
Endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage via endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting or endoscopic naso-gallbladder drainage A) Cholangiogram showing no visible cystic duct, B) Visible gallbladder (black arrow) and cystic duct (open arrow) after selective guidewire cannulation (white arrow) into the cystic duct, C) Coiled guidewire in the gallbladder, D) A 7-Fr 12 cm double pigtail stent is inserted between the gallbladder and duodenum, E) The 7-Fr pigtail-type nasobiliary drainage tube is inserted and left to indwell the gallbladder.
Fig 2.
Flow chart of the enrolled patients.
Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 171).
Table 2.
Outcomes of endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage (n = 171).
Table 3.
Logistic regression analysis of factors for successful endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder drainage.
Fig 3.
Kaplan-Meier plot of the probability of cumulative biliary events for patients after endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting.
Table 4.
Baseline characteristics and long-term outcomes after endoscopic transpapillary gallbladder stenting for acute calculus cholecystitis in 70 patients with high surgical risks.