Fig 1.
PRISMA diagram of the literature search.
Fig 2.
a Risk of bias graph: judgments about each risk of bias item presented in RCT; b risk of bias summary: judgments about each risk of bias item for each RCT.
Table 1.
Characteristics of the included studies.
Fig 3.
Pooled analysis for C-D grade III.
Fig 4.
Pooled analysis for C-D grade IV.
Fig 5.
Pooled analysis for severe complications (grade III-V).
Table 2.
Summary of secondary outcomes for RS versus LS.
Fig 6.
Sensitivity analysis of severe complications after RS vs. LS.
Fig 7.
Funnel plot of the studies reporting on the rate of severe complications.