Fig 1.
CONSORT flow diagram.
Table 1.
Effect of SC and EX+SC on subject characteristics.
Fig 2.
The effect of SC (A-C) and EX+SC (D-F) on mixed meal tolerance test glucose, free fatty acid (FFA), and insulin curves. Data are means ± SEM. There was a trend for a time effect for 90 minute glucose (P = 0.08) and 120 minute FFA (P = 0.06). Conversions: Glucose, 1.00 mmol/L = 18.01 mg/dL; FFA 1.00 mEq/L = 1.00 mmol/L; Insulin, 1.00 μU/mL = 6.95 pmol/L.
Table 2.
Effect of SC and EX+SC on metabolic outcomes and adipokines.
Fig 3.
The effect of SC (A) and EX+SC (B) on fasting and average post-prandial respiratory exchange ratio as well as metabolic flexibility (C). Data are means ± SEM. There is a trend (P = 0.08) for a time effect for average post-prandial RER. ^Denotes a significant (P = 0.01) group x time interaction. Metabolic flexibility was determined by subtracting fasting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) from the average of post-prandial (avg. PP) RER.
Fig 4.
Correlations in metabolic outcomes following the intervention.
The change (Δ) in VO2peak (L/min) to the Δ in the ratio of high molecular weight (HMW) to total adiponectin (A). The Δ in HMW adiponectin:leptin to the Δ in fasting respiratory exchange ratio (RER) (B) and Δ in average post-prandial (PP) RER (C). The Δ in peripheral insulin sensitivity to the Δ in PP RER (D). The Δ in VO2peak (L/min) to operating time (E) and length of hospital stay (F).