Fig 1.
Comparison of the midturbinate swab and the anterior nasal swab.
Photograph of the (A) Copan FLOQSwabs™ flocked midturbinate swab and the (B) anterior nasal Puritan® Sterile Foam Tipped Applicator.
Fig 2.
Deconstructed Household Substudy Kit.
Each household participant receives a (A) Household Substudy questionnaire, (B) two midturbinate or anterior nasal swabs color coded to represent Day 0 and Day 7 (anterior nasal shown), (C) two VTMs color coded to represent Day 0 and Day 7, and a biohazard bag to place the collected specimens in.
Fig 3.
Study participant and specimen flowchart.
From left to right and top to bottom, this flowchart shows the number of screened participants across both years of the study, the number of participants who declined or were ineligible for the ORCHARDS study, the number who were eligible for the ORCHARDS study and staff collection was conducted, the number of families who declined the Household Substudy, the number of families who agreed to participate in the Household Substudy, the number of participants assigned to midturbinate collection, the number of participants assigned to anterior nasal collection, the number of specimens that were collected and tested by RT-PCR, the number of specimens that were not tested (incomplete collection, leaking VTM, or positive influenza Ct with a negative human RP Ct), the number of adequate specimens, and the number of inconclusive/inadequate specimens.
Fig 4.
Adequacies of staff- and participant-collected respiratory specimens.
Bars present the 95% confidence intervals for the percentage of adequate samples (Ct<38) of (from left to right) staff-collected oropharyngeal (OP) specimens from school-aged children in Year 1 using Copan FLOQSwabs™ flocked swabs, participant-collected midturbinate specimens from participants of all ages in Year 1 using Copan FLOQSwabs™ flocked midturbinate swabs, participant-collected midturbinate specimens from school-aged children (ages 4–18) in Year 1 using Copan FLOQSwabs™ flocked midturbinate swabs, staff-collected OP specimens from school-aged children in Year 2 using Copan FLOQSwabs™ flocked swabs, participant-collected anterior nasal specimens from participants of all ages in Year 2 using Puritan Sterile Foam Tipped Applicators, and participant-collected anterior nasal specimens from school-aged children in Year 2 using Puritan Sterile Foam Tipped Applicators.
Fig 5.
Mean RP Ct values of staff- and participant-collected respiratory specimens.
Bars present the 95% confidence intervals for the mean human ribonuclease P (RP) cycle threshold (Ct) values of (from left to right) staff-collected oropharyngeal (OP) specimens from school-aged children in Year 1 using Copan FLOQSwabs™ flocked swabs, participant-collected midturbinate specimens from participants of all ages in Year 1 using Copan FLOQSwabs™ flocked midturbinate swabs, participant-collected midturbinate specimens from school-aged children (ages 4–18) in Year 1 using Copan FLOQSwabs™ flocked midturbinate swabs, staff-collected OP specimens from school-aged children in Year 2 using Copan FLOQSwabs™ flocked swabs, participant-collected anterior nasal specimens from participants of all ages in Year 2 using Puritan Sterile Foam Tipped Applicators, and participant-collected anterior nasal specimens from school-aged children in Year 2 using Puritan Sterile Foam Tipped Applicators.
Fig 6.
Adequacies of participant-collected respiratory specimens on Day 0 and Day 7 of the Household Study.
Bars present the 95% confidence intervals for the percentage of adequate samples (Ct<38) of (from left to right) participant-collected midturbinate specimens from participants of all ages in Year 1 on Day 0, participant-collected midturbinate specimens from participants of all ages in Year 1 on Day 7, participant-collected anterior nasal specimens from participants of all ages in Year 2 on Day 0, and participant-collected anterior nasal specimens from participants of all ages in Year 2 on Day 7.
Fig 7.
Mean RP Ct values of participant-collected respiratory specimens on Day 0 and Day 7 of the Household Study.
Bars present the 95% confidence intervals for the mean human ribonuclease P (RP) cycle threshold (Ct) values of (from left to right) participant-collected midturbinate specimens from participants of all ages in Year 1 on Day 0, participant-collected midturbinate specimens from participants of all ages in Year 1 on Day 7, participant-collected anterior nasal specimens from participants of all ages in Year 2 on Day 0, and participant-collected anterior nasal specimens from participants of all ages in Year 2 on Day 7.