Fig 1.
Map of Scorpion State Marine Reserve off Santa Cruz Island, CA, USA.
The map was generated using the free and open source software QGIS version 3.0.
Fig 2.
Venn diagram of fish species detected with eDNA.
Fig 3.
a) Species rarefaction curves for all fishes found at each site across three 1 L replicates taken at three locations along a 100m transect. b) Species rarefaction curves for fish species with occupancy rates above 84% found at each site across three 1 L replicates taken at three locations along a 100 m transect. Sample coverage estimates were higher for species with occupancy rates above 84% (96.7–99.8%) than for all species (88.9%-94.4%). For species with occupancy rates above 84% sample coverage estimates ranged from 87.3–90.0% for only three 1 L replicates.
Fig 4.
NMDS of Bray-Curtis dissimilarities.
Bray-Curtis dissimilarities were calculated between all samples using only species with occupancy rates over 84%. Samples from Sites (colors) and locations (shapes) are similar to each other (NMDS, Stress = 0.21).
Fig 5.
Constrained analysis of principle components (CAP) ordination.
Bray-Curtis dissimilarities were calculated between all samples using only species with occupancy rates over 84%. Samples from sites and locations within sites were used as independent variables. Site and locations within sites are significantly more similar to each other (CAP, p<0.001). Sites (shapes) and Locations (colors) are plotted against CAP1 and CAP2 axes. Arrows correspond to direction and strength (length) of each species. Only the top seven species with CAP distances greater than 0.40 were plotted.
Fig 6.
Venn diagram of species observed from visual SCUBA surveys.