Fig 1.
Morphological diversity of Ramaria species: (A) R. abetonensis AH 48006; (B) R. arcosuensis MA-Fungi 48049; (C) R. bataillei MA-Fungi 49453; (D) R. broomei MA-Fungi 79903; (E) R. cedretorum MA-Fungi 48074; (F) R. cokeri MA-Fungi 79893; (G) R. fennica var. fumigata AH 47767; (H) R. flavescens AH 48029; (I) R. ignicolor MA-Fungi 47978; (J) R. mediterranea MA-Fungi 39877; (K) R. praecox AH 47804; (L) R. rubrievanescens AH 47481; (M) R. stricta MA-Fungi 48068; (N) R. subbotrytis MA-Fungi 48088; (O) R. subdecurrens AH 48370; (P) Ampulliform septum of R. aff. capucina AH 48381; (Q) Cystidium on rhizomorphs from R. quercus-ilicis MA-Fungi 47984; (R) Bipyramidal crystal on tomentum from R. mediterranea MA-Fungi 39877; (S) Rosette crystals on rhizomorph hyphae from R. comitis MA-Fungi 47970; (T) Star-shaped crystals on rhizomorph hyphae from R. flaccida MA-Fungi 48020; (U) Spores of R. comitis MA-Fungi 47970; (V) Spores of R. cokeri MA-Fungi 79893; (W) Spores of R. praecox AH 47732; (X) Spores of R. botrytis MA-Fungi 48056. Scale bar = 5 μm.
Table 1.
Comparison of different pipelines on the LONG dataset.
Fig 2.
Resampling PCIs from the PCI dataset.
The X-axis shows the number of samples in the dataset after resampling; the Y-axis, the probability of correct identification (PCI), with the points indicating mean and sample standard deviation of the resampled distribution. The PCIs are the Barcode Gap PCI pB (bottom, purple), the Unanimous PCI pU (second from bottom, blue), the Average Unanimous PCI pA (second from top, orange), and the Fractional PCI pF (top, red).
Fig 3.
The 50% majority rule Bayesian tree inferred from ITS nrDNA assuming HSK+ I + G model of Gomphales included in the PCI analyses.
Colors: Blue, unique species; Green, one species and related infraspecific taxa; Red, clades including two or more species; Orange: species that occur in two or more clades. See S1 Table and S1 Fig for clades and singleton names. In Fig 3, the left circle corresponds to clade identifications before DNA barcoding; the right, after DNA barcoding. Essentially, therefore, the left circle displays morphological species; the right circle displays the clades after DNA barcoding has increased the apparent number of monophyletic species.
Fig 4.
Comparative of features of Ramaria abietina and R. apiculata.
Ramaria abietina: (A) Basidioma (AH 48373); (B) Spores (MA-Fungi 49419); (C) Crystals from mycelium (MA-Fungi 49419); (D) Ampulliform septum (MA-Fungi 49419). Ramaria apiculata: (E) Basidioma (AH 47751); (F) Spores (MA-Fungi 48462); (G) Crystal from mycelium (MA-Fungi 48485); (H) Ampulliform septum (MA-Fungi 47981). Scale bars = 10 μm.
Fig 5.
Comparative of features of Ramaria flava and R. praecox. Ramaria flava: (A) Basidioma (AH 48375); (B) Spores (MA-Fungi 48465); (C) Clamped hyphae from context (MA-Fungi 48484); (D) Hyphae from mycelium (MA-Fungi 48484). Ramaria praecox: (E) Basidioma (AH 47804); (F) Spores (AH 47732); (G) Unclamped hyphae from context (AH 47732); (H) Hyphae from mycelium with crystals (AH 47804) or mucilaginose drops (AH 47732). Scale bars = 10 μm.