Fig 1.
Taxonomic classification by family of raw milk and fecal microbiota from dairy cows.
Relative abundances of the most abundant families of Alpine dairy cow raw milk (a) and fecal (b) samples. Median relative abundances are represented in the upper panels, while their variability expressed as interquartiles (IQR) are shown in the lower panels.
Fig 2.
Taxonomic classification by genus of raw milk and fecal microbiota from dairy cows.
Relative abundances of the most abundant genera of Alpine dairy cow raw milk (a) and fecal (b) samples across ten herds either fed traditionally (TF) or with unifeed (UF) within the Province of Trento, Italy.
Fig 3.
Estimates of microbiota richness.
Violin plot of the total number of observed OTUs of Alpine dairy cow raw milk (a) and fecal (b) microbiota.
Fig 4.
Estimates of microbiota richness of raw milk (white bars) and fecal samples (grey bars) of commercial Alpine dairy cows.
Boxplot of observed values of the Inverse Simpson Index for milk and fecal microbiota across ten herds either fed traditionally (TF) or with unifeed (UF) in the Province of Trento, Italy. Horizontal dashed lines represent the mean values for each corresponding microbiota. Dots are observations not included between the whiskers.
Table 1.
Mean LMM estimates of multi-model inference parameters of raw milk microbiota composition.
Table 2.
Mean Linear Mixed Model (LMM) estimates of multi-model inference parameters of fecal microbiota composition.
Fig 5.
Estimates of raw milk microbiota composition of commercial Alpine dairy cows.
(a) Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of the between samples distances measured using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; Families that drive variability in raw milk microbiota composition in the first (b) and second (c) principal component. Colored dots identify cows from ten different herds either fed traditionally (TF) or with unifeed (UF) from the Province of Trento, Italy.
Fig 6.
Measures of fecal microbiota composition of Alpine dairy cows.
(a) Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of the between sample distances measured using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity; Families that drive variability in fecal microbiota composition in the first (b) and second (c) principal component; Sample distance based on the number of observed OTUs (d) and Shannon entropy (e). Colored dots identify cows from ten different herds either fed traditionally (TF) or with unifeed (UF) collected within the Province of Trento, Italy.