Fig 1.
Morphological characterization of the wild-type (WT) and transgenic plants (LiCrBs).
Type I (LiCrB25), Type II (LiCrB29) and Type III (LiCrB20) transgenic plants showed severe, moderate and no morphological alterations, respectively. (A) Flowering plants of WT and LiCrB25. Bar = 10 cm. (B, C) Whorls 1 and 2 organs of (B) WT and (C) LiCrB25. Bar = 5 cm. (D) Close-up of the adaxial side of whorls 1 and 2 organs of wild-type (WT) and LiCrB25. Black arrowheads indicate papillae. Bar = 2 cm. (E) Flowers of WT, LiCrB25, LiCrB29 and LiCrB20. Bar = 5 cm.
Fig 2.
Number of papillae on the adaxial side of whorls 1 and 2 organs of wild-type (WT) and transgenic plants (LiCrBs).
Type I, Type II and Type III transgenic plants showed severe, moderate and no morphological alterations, respectively.
Table 1.
Morphological characterization of wild-type plants and transgenic plants (LiCrBs) during the flowering season.
Fig 3.
SEM observation of epidermal cells of whorls 1 and 2 organs of wild-type plants (WT) and a Type I transgenic plant showing a severe morphological alteration (LiCrB25).
(A, C) Adaxial surface of the middle position of whorl 1 organs of (A) WT and (C) LiCrB25. (B, D) Abaxial surface of the middle position of whorl 1 organs of (B) WT and (D) LiCrB25. (E, G) Adaxial surface of the middle position of whorl 2 organs of (E) WT and (G) LiCrB25. (F, H) Abaxial surface of the middle position of whorl 2 organs of (F) WT and (H) LiCrB25. Bars = 100 μm.
Table 2.
Surface area of epidermal cells in the adaxial and abaxial sides of whorls 1 and 2 organs of wild-type plants (WT) and a Type I transgenic plants showing a severe morphological alteration (LiCrB25) a.
Fig 4.
Total anthocyanin content in whorls 1 and 2 organs of wild-type (WT) and transgenic plants (LiCrBs).
Type I (LiCrB25), Type II (LiCrB29) and Type III (LiCrB20) transgenic plants showed severe, moderate and no morphological alterations, respectively. Total anthocyanin content on whorls 1 and 2 organs. Values represent the mean ± standard error of triplicates. Values with different letters are significantly different (P<0.05 by Turkey-Kramer’s test).
Fig 5.
RT-PCR analysis for expression of endogenous flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes (LhMYB12, LhbHLH2, LhCHS, LhF3H, LhF3´H, LhDFR and LhANS) and transgene (TrihDEFa-SRDX) in whorls 1 and 2 organs of wild-type (WT) and transgenic plants (LiCrBs).
Type I (LiCrB25), Type II (LiCrB29) and Type III (LiCrB20) transgenic plants showed severe, moderate and no morphological alterations, respectively. The actin gene of Lilium sp. (LhACT) was used as an internal control.
Fig 6.
Real-time RT-PCR analysis for expression of endogenous B class genes (LFDEF, LFGLOA and LFGLOB) in floral organs and leaves of wild-type (WT) and transgenic plants (LiCrBs).
Type I (LiCrB6 and LiCrB25), Type II (LiCrB29) and Type III (LiCrB20) transgenic plants showed severe, moderate and no morphological alterations, respectively. Relative amounts of transcripts of each gene were normalized to the actin gene of Lilium sp. (LhACT). Values represent the means ± standard error of triplicates. Asterisk (*) indicates significant difference compared with WT (P<0.05 by Turkey-Kramer’s test).