Fig 1.
Penetration Aspiration Scale (PAS) scores and corresponding binary classifications of swallowing safety status.
A) Representative videofluoroscopic images depicting safe swallowing with no contrast material entering the airway. B) Laryngeal penetration. C) Tracheal aspiration [16].
Fig 2.
Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity (DIGEST) outcome [17].
Fig 3.
Frequency distribution of outcomes of interest in 197 participants.
A) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS-R) Bulbar Subscale scores. B) ALSFRS-R swallow item scores. C) Penetration aspiration scale scores (PAS). D) Dynamic Imaging Grade of Swallowing Toxicity scores (DIGEST).
Fig 4.
Scatterplots for the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS-R) and radiographic swallowing outcomes of interest (dynamic imaging grade of swallowing toxicity–DIGEST and penetration-aspiration scale–PAS).
Fig 5.
Receiver operator characteristic curve results for the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Functional Rating Scale–Revised (ALSFRS-R).
(A, B) ALSFRS-R bulbar subscale and swallowing item to detect unsafe swallowing. (C, D) Global pharyngeal dysphagia.
Table 1.
Summary of receiver operator characteristic curve results for the ALSFRS-R bulbar subscale and swallowing item to detect unsafe swallowing.
Table 2.
Summary of receiver operator characteristic results for the ALSFRS-R bulbar subscale and swallowing item to detect global pharyngeal dysphagia.