Fig 1.
Associations among serum uric acid level, cardiac structural remodeling and diastolic functional indices.
Lower mitral annular relaxation e’, higher LV E/e’ and greater LA volume (with and without index) across higher uric acid quintiles in both genders for the whole cohort (n = 5525) (A-D) and a subset free from systemic or cardiovascular diseases (n = 3912) (E-H), with women demonstrating more pronounced changes of LV e’, LV E/e’ and LA volume across uric acid quintiles.
Table 1.
Basic information and echocardiographic measurement of cardiac structure and diastolic function for study participants in normal individuals, asymptomatic hyperuricemia, and those with gout.
Table 2.
Linear regression models on the relationship among uric acid, cardiac structural remodeling and diastolic indices.
Fig 2.
The associations among serum uric acid, echocardiographic measurement of LV diastolic function (DD) and remodeling.
Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, fasting blood glucose, estimated glomerular infiltration rate, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease (A-D). In LV mass index model, body mass index (BMI) was not included. The blue line represents the cubic spline with the gray lines represents the upper and lower limit of 95% confidence interval (CI).
Fig 3.
The odds ratio (OR) of hyperuricemia (HU), gout or combined conditions for prevalent diastolic dysfunction (DD).
In Fig A, model 1, crude OR; Model 2, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index; Model 3, adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, fasting blood glucose, estimated glomerular infiltration rate, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular disease. The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) shown in each group were illustrated with multivariate adjustment. Sex-specific receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) for LV mitral annular relaxation e’ for men and women for predicting hyperuricemia or gout, with women demonstrating greater area under the ROC than did men (B-E). *denotes p <0.05, ** p <0.001.
Table 3.
Echocardiographic measurement of cardiac structure and diastolic function in non-hyperuricemia, hyperuricemia, and those with gout.