Table 1.
The values of COP, fkw, and θw at different temperatures w.
Table 2.
Model parameters.
Table 3.
Ant colony algorithm parameters.
Table 4.
Vehicle route optimization results of the example with the R208 dataset.
Fig 1.
The relation between safety loss and temperature control cost.
Fig 2.
Sensitivity analysis of distribution cost and refrigerating temperature.
Fig 3.
Vehicle route planning for examples with different distribution types.
Table 5.
Simulation results of examples with different customer distributions.
Table 6.
Calculation results solved by three algorithms.