Table 1.
Characteristics of study subjects.
Fig 1.
Representative intraoperative images of fluorescent malignant tumors.
A) 5 cm papillary adenoma with low grade ductal adenocarcinoma. B) 7 cm intermediate grade carcinoma. C) 3 cm low grade carcinoma. In this case, one of the non-fluorescent margins is obscured by specimen positioning.
Table 2.
Tumor fluorescence and fluorescence sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for malignancy stratified by tumor size and histopathology (benign vs malignant).
Fig 2.
Intraoperative images from case 15.
A) The lumpectomy specimen is being elevated from the operative field. The primary tumor was surrounded by dense connective tissue and was not fluorescent. B) Fluorescence was seen in the wound bed following resection of the primary tumor. Biopsy of this area demonstrated mammary carcinoma.
Table 3.
Results of NIR imaging and histopathology in subjects with residual wound bed fluorescence.
Fig 3.
Intraoperative images from case 3b.
A) Tumor fluorescence could be seen through the skin prior to any dissection (circle). B) 2 cm mammary carcinoma on the back table following resection. C) Fluorescent lymph node with metastatic disease (circle). The background fluorescence was associated with suture granulomas and inflammation associated with the previous surgery.
Table 4.
Summary of tumor and lymph node fluorescence for specimens with inguinal lymph nodes identified.