Fig 1.
Flowchart of the selection of the study population.
Table 1.
Clinical characteristics from pregnant women and infants with resistome data (n = 91).
Fig 2.
Number of ARG/MGE shared within dyads.
Fig 3.
Median relative abundance for each ARG/MGE group in all infant and pregnant samples.
The height of the bars represents the median ARG/MGE relative abundance by groups (infant/pregnant). Colors represent different groups of ARG or MGE. Based on all infant (n = 40) and pregnant (n = 51) samples. * represents statistically significant differences between pregnant and infant samples.
Fig 4.
Richness and diversity index comparisons between infants and pregnant women.
Based on all infant (n = 40) and pregnant (n = 51) samples. Wilcoxon test was calculated to test for differences between groups.
Fig 5.
Pregnant samples had different ARG and MGE composition and structure patterns compared to infant samples.
PCoA analysis comparing ARG Bray-Curtis (A), ARG Sorensen (B), MGE Bray-Curtis (C) and MGE Sorensen (D) dissimilarity indexes between pregnant (n = 51) and infant (n = 40) samples. Permanova test was calculated to test for differences between groups.
Fig 6.
ARG structure by maternal covariates.
PCoA plots based on all pregnant (n = 51) samples. Permanova test was calculated to test for differences between groups.
Fig 7.
ARG structure by infant covariates.
PCoA plots based on all infant (n = 40) samples. Permanova test was calculated to test for differences between groups.
Fig 8.
Co-occurrence networking analysis using ARG /MGE log (relative abundances) from infant samples.
Nodes (genes) connected by edges represent Spearman correlations higher than 0.6. Node sizes represent degree of centrality (number of connections). The color of the edges represents an antibiotic resistance class and their thickness represent greater correlation coefficients. A) Based on all infancy (n = 40) samples. B) Based on all pregnancy (n = 51) samples.