Fig 1.
Temperature measurements within the vineyard (a). Temperature probes were installed at a height of 1.2 m above the soil surface and 0.15 m above the cordon (b) and at a height of 0.5 m above the soil surface and separated 0.2 m from the vine rows (c).
Fig 2.
Probe installed to measure air temperature within berry clusters (a). “T type” thermocouples were installed in the rachis, close to the first or second branching point (b).
Fig 3.
Time series of daily maximum air temperature measured between March 22, 2016, and March 21, 2017, at the weather station (Tstation_1.7), and within the vineyard canopy at a height of 0.5 m (Tcanopy_0.5) and 1.2 m (Tcanopy_1.2) above the ground surface.
Fig 4.
Time series of daily minimum air temperature measured between March 22, 2016, and March 21, 2017, at the weather station (Tstation_1.7), and within the vineyard canopy at a height of 0.5 m (Tcanopy_0.5) and 1.2 m (Tcanopy_1.2) above the ground surface.
Table 1.
T-test comparison between daily air temperature measured under standard conditions (Tstation_1.7) and within the canopy at a height of 0.5 and 1.2 m above the soil surface (Tcanopy_0.5 and Tcanopy_1.2).
The temperature was recorded between December 2015 and June 2017.
Table 2.
T-test comparison between the daily air temperature measured under standard conditions (Tstation_1.7) and within the canopy.
a. Comparison between Tstation_1.7 and air temperature within the canopy at a height of 0.5 (Tcanopy_0.5) and 1.2 m (Tcanopy_1.2) above the soil surface based on seasonal differences. The air temperature was recorded between December 2015 and June 2017. b. Comparison between the daily air temperature measured under standard conditions (Tstation_1.7) and among the berries in the clusters facing east (Tberry_east) and west (Tberry_west). The temperature was recorded between December 2015 and June 2017.
Fig 5.
Linear regression between daily maximum (a and b) and minimum (c and d) air temperature measured at the weather station (Tstation_1.7) and within the canopy of the vineyard at a height of 0.5 m (Tcanopy_0.5) and 1.2 m (Tcanopy_1.2) above the soil surface.
Fig 6.
Cross correlation between the air temperature measured at two heights in the canopy and the weather station (a), and for the air temperature measured at 0.5 m (b) and 1.2 m (c) by season for the period December 2015 and July 2017.
R2 is the coefficient of determination.
Fig 7.
Example time series for 15-min air temperature measured at the weather station (Tstation_1.7) and the grape berry clusters facing east (Tberry_east) and west (Tberry_west) during 2017.
Fig 8.
Linear regression comparing the daily maximum and minimum temperature measured within clusters (Tberry) facing east (a) and west (b) in the vineyard and at the weather station (Tstation_1.7).
Fig 9.
Typical daily profile of air temperature, based on 15-min data, of the ambient in the clusters facing east (Tberry_east) and west (Tberry_west) and at the weather station (Tstation_1.7).