Table 1.
Metastasized castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients and healthy controls characteristics.
Table 2.
Markers used for flow cytometry (FCM) and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi).
Table 3.
Characteristics of the methods used for the detection of extracellular vesicles (EVs).
Fig 1.
Spiking experiment to determine the minimal detectable marker+ particle concentration for flow cytometry.
A) Side scatter versus CD63-PE fluorescence for pure plasma (left), plasma spiked with PC3 extracellular vesicles (EVs) at a 1:1000 volumetric dilution (centre) and 1:1 volumetric dilution (right). B) Detected number of CD63+ particles (black dots) at volumetric dilutions of PC3 EVs in plasma. CI: confidence interval.
Fig 2.
Marker+ concentration by flow cytometry per μL plasma (A-B) or urine (C-D) from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients (red, n = 5), healthy controls (grey, n = 5) and phosphate buffered saline (blue, n = 2). Panels B and D show the refractive index (RI) of marker+ particles >200 nm. Data shown represent the median and standard deviation (whiskers) per group. Lact: lactadherin.
Fig 3.
Surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) response for plasma (A) or urine (B) of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients (red, n = 5), healthy controls (grey, n = 5) and phosphate buffered saline (blue, n = 2) for different markers. Data shown represent the median and standard deviation (whiskers) per group. Lact: lactadherin; RU: resonance unit.