Fig 1.
Map of the Mediterranean with sites mentioned in the text.
Based on free vector and raster map data from @naturalearthdata.com. Constructed with Globalmapper® Version 11 using Lambert Conformal Conic Projection.
Fig 2.
Bayesian age model for Assiros, redrawn from Wardle et al. 2014, Fig 2 including numeric ages taken from Wardle et al. 2014, Table 1.
The modelled probability distributions for Phase 4 and 3 indicate a major hiatus in the stratigraphic sequence, which in reality does not exist.
Fig 3.
Aerial view of the tell-based settlement of Sindos, northern Greece comprising a higher and a lower artificial mound.
The two conical structures to the left are modern (photo taken in 2001).
Table 1.
Radiocarbon dates of sindos.
Fig 4.
Eastern and southern profile of trench A.0 at Sindos.
Fig 5.
Overview of radiocarbon ages from Sindos (N = 21; Table 1).
Fig 6.
Chronological results for Sindos (phase 11–6) achieved by application of Gaussian Monte Carlo Wiggle Matching (GMCWM) to N = 17 stratigraphically screened 14C-ages.
Fig 7.
Monte-Carlo-based dating errors derived from the age-depth model.
Table 2.
Data input and results for GaussWM-analysis of stratified 14C-ages from Sindos.
Fig 8.
GaussWM dialog of CalPal-software (version 2020.2), illustrating the stratigraphic age-modelling analysis of Sindos 14C-data.
Left: spreadsheet with input of data and results; program functions; tools for age-model construction; tools for statistical analysis. Right Upper: Graph showing on-screen (Monte Carlo run-time animation) the presently achieved best-fit position of the archaeological 14C-series in context with the selected calibration curve. Right Middle: Histogram showing the dating probability and precision of the step-wise expanded 14C-series. Right Lower: Statistical fit parameters are given as run-time series of the stepwise expanded sequence. Red = dating probability; Blue = dating precision; Green = simultaneously optimized precision and probability. Note: During run-time the GaussWM tables and graphs are continually refreshed (every ~3 secs). An explorative model analysis requires ca. 1–5 min run-time. Typical runs require 6–16 hours.
Fig 9.
Euboean skyphos with chevrons from phase 7 at Sindos (analysed with Neutron Activation).
Fig 10.
Attic amphora of Late Geometric Ia from phase 7 at Sindos (analysed with Neutron Activation).
Fig 11.
Comparison of absolute and relative chronologies: Sindos (left) vs historical (right).