Fig 1.
Watermarking steps using a DCT coefficient.
Fig 2.
DCT watermarking transformation workflow.
Fig 3.
DCT coefficient for matrix factorization.
Fig 4.
SURF feature extraction and clustering.
Fig 5.
SURF for feature selection.
Fig 6.
Feature matrix implemented by a hash sequence function.
Fig 7.
The flow of watermark embedding.
Fig 8.
The flow of watermark extraction.
Fig 9.
Original image and watermark image.
Table 1.
SURF-DCT coefficient changes by different attacks for the original image (set of features S1 to S9).
Table 2.
Dct and SURF ON conventional attacks.
Fig 10.
Impact of 4% Gaussian noise.
Table 3.
Geometric attacks based on NC and PSNR values using the DCT-SURF.
Fig 11.
A 30% clockwise rotation after a geometric attack.
Fig 12.
The impact of 25% UP and 30% translation attack on the image.
Fig 13.
Clipping attack on the x-axis after 8%.
Table 4.
Proposed algorithm comparison with SURF and DCT.
Table 5.
Comparison of the proposed algorithm with other improved hybrid algorithms.
Table 6.
Features comparison of the proposed algorithm with other techniques.
Fig 14.
Comparison of proposed algorithm with DCT and SURF on different values of attacks with correlation values.