Table 1.
Transport distance, transport duration, truck speed and sex of broilers for each combination of season (Rainy and Dry) and distance (Dist90 and Dist15).
Table 2.
Experimental conditions during the shipments.
Data are shown as the mean ± sd.
Fig 1.
Cargo bay standard used to transport broilers in this study.
Fig 2.
(A) Arrangement of the 24 dataloggers. (B) Rear view, highlighting the center rows. Legend of colors: gray: right and left ends; blue: center right row; and yellow: center left row (adapted from [17]).
Table 3.
Combination of position factors and crate numbers for different load segments, parts and regions.
Fig 3.
Mean temperature inside the crates (Tcrate) in rear-to-front and lateral views.).
The truck is only for illustrative purposes.
Fig 4.
Mean temperature inside the crates according to position.
Bars under the same line (top) are not significantly different by Tukey’s test (P<0.05).
Fig 5.
Mean humidity inside the crates (RHcrate) in rear-to-front and lateral views.
The truck is only for illustrative purposes.
Fig 6.
Effect of the interaction between season and distance on load relative humidity (%).
AValues with the same capital letters do not differ by Tukey’s test (P > 0.05).
Fig 7.
Mean enthalpy comfort index (ECI) in rear-to-front and lateral views.
The truck is only for illustrative purposes.
Fig 8.
Effect of the interaction between season and distance on load enthalpy comfort index (kj/kg of dry air).
Fig 9.
Effect of distance on body weight difference (kg/bird).
Different letters indicate significant differences by Tukey’s test (P<0.05).
Fig 10.
Effect of crate position on broiler chicken body weight difference (kg/bird) according to season.
Bars under the same line (top) are not significantly different by Tukey’s test (P<0.05).
Table 4.
Distribution of mortality rate (%) recorded on arrival at the slaughterhouse and tested by a chi-square test.
Table 5.
Percentage of distribution of wing, wing tip, breast and thigh bruises among season (rainy and dry) and distance (dist90 and dist15) analyzed by a chi-square test.
Table 6.
Correlation between the following variables: crate position, crate temperature (Tcrate), crate relative humidity (RHcrate), crate enthalpy comfort index (ECIcrate), initial weight (Wi) of broilers, final weight (Wf) of broilers, body weight difference (BWD) of broilers, loading duration (LOADD) at the farm, transport distance (DIST) from the farm to the slaughterhouse, transport duration (TRANSD) from the farm to the slaughterhouse, lairage duration (LAIRD) at the slaughterhouse, fasting duration at the farm (FFARM), and total fasting duration (FTOTAL).
Fig 11.
Principal component analysis of parameters measured during the shipments.
Crate position (Position), crate temperature (Tcrate), crate relative humidity (RHcrate), crate enthalpy comfort index (ECIcrate), initial weight (Wi) of broilers, final weight (Wf) of broilers, body weight difference (BWD) of broilers, loading duration (LOADD), transport distance (Dist), transport duration (TRANSD), lairage duration (LAIRD), fasting duration (FFARM), and total fasting duration (FTOTAL).