Fig 1.
Suppressive effects of the RCM-107 formula, eight single herbal granules and acarbose (inhibitor) at 300 μg mL-1 on porcine pancreatic α-amylase activity.
The enzyme activity with an absence of the samples or inhibitor was presented as 100%. Data are expressed as means ± standard error of the mean (SEM) from three independent experiments, including three replicates each time. **** indicates P < 0.0001 as compared to the control.
Fig 2.
Dose-dependent inhibitory effects of the RCM-107 formula (1–800μg mL-1) on porcine α-amylase.
Data represent mean ± SEM from three independent experiments with three replicates per condition.
Table 1.
Top 3 ligands predicted from each herb with the strongest binding affinity and their bonds with IOSE.
Fig 3.
2D diagram of interactions between corn starch and 1OSE.
Fig 4.
a-b. Chemical structures of selected compounds.
Fig 5.
a. 2D diagram of top 3 predicted ligands from each herb with 1OSE. Hydrogen bonds (green circles with traced lines), van der Waals forces of attraction (light green circles), Pi-Alkyl interactions (pink circles with traced lines), Pi-Sigma interaction (purple circles with traced lines). 1) Acarbose (3 binding poses); 2). Stigmasterol. b. 3) Campesterol; 4) Cassiaside; 5) Theaflavin; 6) Thearubigin. c. 7) EGCG; 8) Cycloartenol; 9) Quercetin; 10) Isorhamnetin. d. 11) Beta-sitosterol; 12) N-[6-(acridin-9-ylamino) hexyl] benzamide; 13) Sophoradiol; 14) Sudan III. e. 15) Alisol B; 16) Alisol A. 17) Alisol C; 18) Stellasterol. f. 19) Eburicoic acid; 20) Dehydroeburicoic acid; 21) plantagoside; 22) Daucostero_qt.
Fig 6.
3D interactions between predicted leading compounds EGCG (pink), plantagoside (yellow), the known inhibitor acarbose (red) and 1OSE.