Fig 1.
General framework of MOEAs for LRPLCCC.
Fig 2.
A simple solution representation.
Fig 3.
Schematic diagrams of 2-opt, swap, and insert moves.
Table 1.
Parameters in the proposed model.
Table 2.
Vehicle-specific parameters.
Table 3.
Scores of 77 pairs evaluated by HV, IGD, and GD values.
Fig 4.
Effects of pm values on the performance of algorithm.
Table 4.
Effects of strategies on the performance indicators.
Fig 5.
Pareto fronts of instances using S1 and S2.
Table 5.
Performance indicators of three models.
Fig 6.
Pareto fronts obtained by three models.
Table 6.
Performance indicators of seven variants of depot capacity.
Fig 7.
Effects of depot capacity on the performance indicators (only HV, IGD, and RNI).
Fig 8.
Pareto fronts of seven variants of depot capacity.
Table 7.
Performance indicators of seven variants of depot capacity.
Fig 9.
Effects of hard time windows on the performance indicators (only HV, IGD, and RNI).
Fig 10.
Pareto fronts of seven variants of hard time windows of clients.
Table 8.
Performance indicators of four variants of fleet composition.
Fig 11.
Pareto fronts of four variants of fleet composition.
Table 9.
Analysis on the number of solutions with different fleet compositions (a special RNI).