Fig 1.
The four experimental treatments: a) flat unseeded tiles; b) complex unseeded tiles; c) flat seeded tiles; d) complex seeded tiles. Complex tiles had ridges and crevices; seeding was with the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata.
Fig 2.
Effect of habitat structure (flat vs. complex tiles; a, b) and microhabitat identity (crevice vs. ridge, on complex tiles; c, d) on the mean (+/-SE) number of live seeded S. glomerata (transplants only) at each of two sites, 0, 1, 6 and 12 months following tile deployment, (n = 5). Tiles started with 52 oysters.
Fig 3.
Effect of seeding with oysters (unseeded vs. seeded) and a) habitat structure (flat vs. complex) and b) microhabitat identity (crevice vs. ridge, on complex tiles) on the mean (+/-SE) percentage cover of S. glomerata (both transplants and recruits) on experimental tiles 0, 1, 6 and 12 months following deployment, (n = 5). Data are pooled across sites.
Table 1.
Summary of the results of general linear models testing for effects of habitat structure on the number of live seeded S. glomerata and the effects of habitat structure and seeding with native oysters on the percentage cover of S. glomerata, the species density and abundances (percentage cover, counts or MaxN) of sessile taxa, mobile taxa, cryptobenthic and pelagic fishes.
Details of these analyses are given in Appendices S2-S5. NANot applicable, nsp>0.05, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Table 2.
Summary of the results of general linear models testing the effects of microhabitats (crevices/ridges) on the number of live seeded S. glomerata, and the effects of the microhabitats and seeding with native bivalves on the percentage cover of S. glomerata, the species density and abundances (percentage cover, counts or MaxN) of sessile taxa, mobile taxa, benthic and pelagic fishes.
Details of these analyses are given in supplementary material S4- S5. NANot applicable, nsp>0.05, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
Fig 4.
Effect of seeding with oysters (unseeded vs. seeded) and i) habitat structure (flat vs. complex tiles) or ii) microhabitat identity (crevice vs. ridge, on complex tiles) on the mean (+/-SE) species density of a) sessile algae and invertebrates, b) mobile invertebrates, c) benthic fishes and d) pelagic fishes (n = 5). Invertebrates and algae were sampled destructively, and fish were measured in situ at 12 months following tile deployment. Data are pooled across sites.
Fig 5.
Effect of seeding with oysters (unseeded vs. seeded) and i) habitat structure (flat vs. complex tiles) or ii) microhabitat identity (crevice vs. ridge, on complex tiles) on the mean (+/-SE) a) percent cover of sessile algae and invertebrates, b) count of mobile invertebrates, c) MaxN of benthic fishes and d) MaxN of pelagic fishes sampled in-situ 1, 6 and 12 months following tile deployment (n = 5). Data are pooled across sites.
Fig 6.
Effect of microhabitat type (flat vs crevice vs ridge) and seeding with native oysters (unseeded vs seeded) on the mean (+/-SE) (a) maximum, b) minimum and (b) standard deviation (SD) of temperature through time (months) since tile deployment (n = 5). Data are pooled across sites.
Fig 7.
Effect of microhabitat (flat vs crevice vs ridge) and seeding (unseeded vs seeded) on the mean (+/-SE) (a) humidity (%) and (b) light (mmol m-2 s-1), through time (months), (n = 5). Data are pooled across sites.