Table 1.
Demographics of the intermittent exotropia (IXT) group.
Table 2.
Demographics of the control group.
Fig 1.
Vergence (a) and accommodative (b) responses of a healthy volunteer stimulus in the visual task.
The blue, red, and green squares indicate the left eye, right eye, and stimuli, respectively. The healthy volunteer maintained binocular coordination during the visual task. MA, meter angle; D, diopter.
Fig 2.
Vergence (a) and accommodative (b) responses of a patient with intermittent exotropia (IXT) stimuli in the visual task.
The blue, red, and green squares indicate the left eye, right eye, and stimuli, respectively. Binocular coordination in the patient with IXT was gradually disrupted during the visual task. MA, meter angle; D, diopter.
Fig 3.
Binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) (a), near point of convergence (NPC) (b), and fusional vergence range (c) before (red) and after (blue) the visual task within the intermittent exotropia (IXT) group.
The red and blue circles indicate individual BFM, NPC, and fusional vergence range values within the IXT group. The red and blue squares indicate the mean values for all the patients. **P < 0.01, Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Table 3.
Mean results for the intermittent exotropia (IXT) group.
Fig 4.
Binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) (a), near point of convergence (NPC) (b), and fusional vergence range (c) before (red) and after (blue) the visual task within the control group.
The red and blue circles indicate individual BFM, NPC, and fusional vergence range values within the control group. The red and blue squares indicate the mean values for all the healthy volunteers. *P < 0.05, Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Table 4.
Mean results for the control group.
Fig 5.
Changes in binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) (a), near point of convergence (NPC) (b), fusional vergence range (c), and total subjective eye symptom score (b) in the intermittent exotropia (IXT) (red) and control (blue) groups.
The red and blue circles indicate individual BFM, NPC, fusional vergence range, and total subjective eye symptom scores (Q1 + Q2 + Q3) in the IXT and control groups. *P < 0.05, Mann–Whitney U test.
Fig 6.
Relationship between binocular fusion maintenance (BFM) and total subjective eye symptom score in the intermittent exotropia (IXT) (red) and control (blue) groups (a) and subgroup of IXT (b).
The red circles and blue crosses indicate individual changes in BFM values and total subjective eye symptom scores (Q1 + Q2 + Q3) in the IXT and control groups. The purple squares and green triangles indicate basic type IXT and convergence insufficiency (CI) type IXT.
Table 5.
Mean results for the intermittent exotropia (IXT) subgroup.