Fig 1.
Processing pipeline of AVATREE.
Fig 2.
Extraction of airway surface and centerline.
Fig 3.
Definition of center of mass (orange dot) and distal branches (yellow dots).
Fig 4.
Definition of splitting plane for bifurcating distributive structures.
Fig 5.
Extended bronchial tree (a) 9 generations, (b) 12 generations.
Fig 6.
Visualization of fourth generation probability map.
First column corresponds to axial view. Second column corresponds to coronal view. Third column corresponds to sagital view. The first row depicts raw imaging data, the second row presents the probabilistic maps for second generation, the third row presents the probabilistic maps for second generation and the fourth row presents the probabilistic maps for second generation.
Fig 7.
Outcome of point cloud generation process.
Extra refinements remove the inner points facilitating normal estimation for Poisson surface reconstruction.
Fig 8.
Generation of surface from the extended bronchial tree centerline.
Fig 9.
Simulation of constrictive pulmonary conditions.
Table 1.
Structural features comparison.
Fig 10.
Number of airways for each Strahler order for our model, “AVATREE”, and “pone.0168026.s001”.
Fig 11.
Number of airways for each Horsfield order for our model, “AVATREE”, and “pone.0168026.s001”.
Fig 12.
Distribution of airway lengths for each generation for AVATREE and pone.0168026.s001.
Fig 13.
Distribution of branching angles for each generation for AVATREE and pone.0168026.s001.
Fig 14.
Distribution of diameters for each generation for AVATREE and pone.0168026.s001.
Fig 15.
Estimation of bronchial tree for 12 generations.
Surface reconstruction was performed for the first 7 generations.
Fig 16.
Estimation of bronchial tree for 23 generations.
Surface reconstruction was performed for the first 7 generations.
Fig 17.
User interface.
Fig 18.
Broncho-constriction simulation.
Airway of second generation narrowed at 34% of original diameter.
Fig 19.
Surface annotation with a) SDF function visualizing local diameter b) airway generation.