Table 1.
Experimental design of T-2 toxicosis in goats.
Table 2.
Effect of T-2 toxin on body weights of kids fed with 10 ppm and 20 ppm dose at different intervals.
Table 3.
Effect of T-2 toxin on hemoglobin (Hb), total leukocyte counts (TLC) and total thrombocyte count (TTC) at different intervals in goats fed with 10 ppm and 20 ppm of toxin.
Table 4.
Effect of T-2 toxin on oxidative stress enzymes in various organs.
Table 5.
T-2 toxin induced histological alterations (score card) in different organs of goats on 15th and 30th days fed with 10ppm and 20ppm dose.
Fig 1.
Liver (group 1, 15 days): epithelial hyperplasia with bile ducts having degeneration of hepatocytes.
HE 400X.
Fig 2.
Liver (group 1, 30 days): individual cell necrosis with dark pyknotic nucleus in the parenchyma with diffuses fatty changes of hepatocytes.
HE 100X.
Fig 3.
Liver (group 2, 15 days): Hypertrophy peri-billiary hyperplasia/fibrosis with bile ducts having cell debris and diffuse centrilobular necrosis of hepatocytes.
HE 100X.
Fig 4.
Liver (group 2, 30 days): Hepatocytes showing distinct dark nucleus and homogeneous deep eosinophilic cytoplasm called as ‘Ghost hepatocytes’.
HE 400X.
Fig 5.
Intestines (group 1, 15 days): Lamina propria showing diffusely infiltrated with necrotic lymphocytes, nuclear pyknosis and fragmentation.
HE 100X.
Fig 6.
Intestines (group 2, 15 days): Lamina propria showing depletion/lymphocytolysis in Peyer’s patches.
HE 400X.
Fig 7.
Intestines (group 2, 30 days): Crypts in lamina propria showing diffuse epithelial necrosis with fragmentation of nuclei, disruption of BM and necrosis of lymphocytes.
HE 400X.
Table 6.
Graded score of necrotic cells in intestine in response to T-2 Toxin @ 10 ppm and 20 ppm on 15th and 30th day of toxicosis in goats.
Fig 8.
Mesenteric lymph nodes (group 1, 30 days): Widespread depletion in cortical follicles with diffuse necrosis of lymphocytes/lymphocytolysis.
HE 400X.
Fig 9.
Mesenteric lymph nodes (group 2, 30 days): Lymphoid depletion and infiltration of large polygonal epithelioid cells and macrophages.
HE 400X.
Fig 10.
Kidney (group 1, 30 days): Epithelial cells of DCT showing detachment, degeneration of vacuoles and occurrence of granular pink matter in the lumen.
HE 400X.
Fig 11.
Kidney (group 2, 30 days): Degeneration of PCT and DCT showing loss of nuclei and brush borders.
HE 400X.
Fig 12.
Spleen (group 1, 30 days): Follicles showing depletion and necrosis of lymphocytes around the central artery.
HE 400X.
Fig 13.
Spleen (group 2, 30 days): Epithelioid cells reactions in the white pulp leading to lymphocytolysis.
HE 400X.
Table 7.
Graded score lymphoid depletion and necrosis of lymphoid cells (lymphocytolysis) in response to T-2 toxin @ 10 ppm and 20 ppm on 15th and 30th day.
Fig 14.
Brain (group 2, 30 days): Neurons showing shrinkage and degeneration with eosinophilic cytoplasm indicating satellitosis.
HE 400X.
Fig 15.
Liver (group 2, 30 days): Mitochondrial degeneration with loss of cristae and formation of empty spaces in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes.
Uranyl acetate and lead citrate 200X.
Fig 16.
Liver (group 2, 30 days): Hyperplasticity in the collagen fibers of liver.
Uranyl acetate and lead citrate 1000X.
Fig 17.
Small intestine (group 2, 30 days): Heterochromatin showing condensation, margination and clumping with indistinct nuclear membrane in enterocytes.
Uranyl acetate and lead citrate 1000X.
Fig 18.
Kidney (group 2, 30 days): Epithelial cells showing loss of cristae leading to mitochondria pleomorphic.
Uranyl acetate and lead citrate 500X.
Fig 19.
Brain (group 2, 30 days): Degeneration of neurons by formation of circular, whirling dark structures called as myelin figures.
Uranyl acetate and lead citrate 1000X.
Fig 20.
Liver (group 1, 30 days): Apoptosis in hepatocytes around central vein and portal triad.
DAB 400X.
Fig 21.
Small intestine (group 1, 30 days): Apoptosis in cryptic epithelial cells of the small intestine.
DAB 400X.
Fig 22.
Small intestine (group 2, 30 days): Peyer’s patches in intestine showing apoptotic lymphocytes.
DAB 400X.
Fig 23.
Mesenteric lymph nodes (group 2, 30 days): Apoptotic lymphocytes in the follicles of MLN.
DAB 400X.
Fig 24.
Kidney (group 2, 30 days): PCT and DCT showing apoptotic epithelial cells.
DAB 400X.
Fig 25.
Spleen (group 2, 30 days): Apoptotic lymphocytes in white pulp area of spleen.
DAB 400X.
Table 8.
Mean score (mean±SEM) of TUNEL positive (apoptotic) cells in different tissues in T-2 toxin induced apoptosis in toxicated and control groups on 15th and 30th days.
Table 9.
Effect of T-2 toxin on expression of Heat shock protein (HSP) genes in different tissues in 10ppm and 20ppm groups on 30th day.
Table 10.
Effect of T-2 toxin on expression of apoptotic genes in different tissues in 10 ppm and 20 ppm groups on 30th day.
Table 11.
Effect of T-2 toxin on expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes in different tissues in 10 ppm and 20 ppm groups on 30th day.