Fig 1.
NJ tree of Austrian amphibians based on K2P distances.
The tree was inferred with the “Taxon ID Tree” tool implemented in BOLD and visualized in FigTree v1.4.2 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/). * indicates an Austrian water frog sample showing genetic signatures of the Italian water frog (P. bergeri). 1 indicates the T. dobrogicus clade, which contains one sample identified as T. carnifex. 2 marks the T. carnifex clade, which also holds one T. cristatus.
Fig 2.
NJ tree of Austrian reptiles based on K2P distances.
The tree was inferred with the “Taxon ID Tree” tool implemented in BOLD and visualized in FigTree v1.4.2 (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/).
Fig 3.
Subtree of the hybridogenetic Pelophylax species complex.
DNA barcodes do not clearly resolve the two parental (P. lessonae, P. ridibundus) and the hybrid (P. kl. esculentus) species but provide evidence for a genetic signature of the Italian water frog (P. bergeri) in one Austrian water frog sample (marked with *). Light gray labels represent samples processed in this study.
Table 1.
Genetic (K2P) distances (in %) within and between species.
Fig 4.
Subtree of the common European adder.
COI sequences of V. berus allow for an assignment of origin from an inner alpine (blue) or adjacent lowland regions (red). Clades also include sequences from [7], only Austrian samples are displayed on the map.
Fig 5.
A) The two recognized subspecies of S. salamandra form two distinct clades but contribute to the same BIN. B) I. alpestris is represented by only one BIN despite increased intraspecific distance and a subdivision into separate clades. C) Presumed subspecies of P. muralis. Austrian samples are found in the three clades recovered by [7], but also in the “Central Balkan clade” proposed by [65] and another Austria specific BIN. D) Conspecific lineages within R. temporaria represented by two distinct BINs. E) Discrepancies within N. natrix. Two separate BINs were recovered within the nominal form N. n. natrix, as well as one new BIN from Austria. N. helvetica forms a distinct clade with an individual BIN. F) High genetic diversity within Z. vivipara. The separate clades and distinct BINs likely correspond to various genetic lineages proposed by [58].