Table 1.
Sociodemographic statistics of the sample (n = 8360).
Fig 1.
Predicted values of GPA by parental divorce and highest education in the family (n = 7,739).
The predicted values of GPA by (A) the highest educational qualifications obtained in the family, and (B) by the highest maternal and paternal education above/below ISCED 2 from the fully adjusted regression models (cf. Tables 2 and 3), stratified by divorce status. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals of b. A: ISCED 0–2 = up to lower secondary education, ISCED 3–5 = upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education, short-cycle tertiary education, ISCED 6 = Bachelor’s level, ISCED 7–8 = Master’s or Doctoral level. B: No parent > ISCED 2 = No parent with higher than lower secondary education, Father > ISCED 2 = Only father has above lower secondary education, Mother > ISCED 2 = Only mother has above lower secondary education, Both > ISCED 2 = Both parents have above lower secondary education.
Table 2.
Regression estimates of GPA by parental divorce and the highest parental education in the family (n = 7,739).
Table 3.
Regression estimates of GPA by parental divorce and maternal and paternal education above/below ISCED 2 (n = 7,739).
Fig 2.
Predicted values of GPA by maternal and paternal educational qualifications (n = 7,739).
The predicted values of GPA by (A) maternal educational qualifications, and (B) paternal educational qualifications from the fully adjusted regression models, stratified by divorce status (cf. Table 4). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals of b. ISCED 0–2 = up to lower secondary education, ISCED 3–5 = upper secondary education, post-secondary non-tertiary education, short-cycle tertiary education, ISCED 6 = Bachelor’s level, ISCED 7–8 = Master’s or Doctoral level.
Table 4.
Regression estimates of GPA by maternal and paternal education (n = 7,739).
Fig 3.
Years since divorce across maternal (n = 2,463) and paternal (n = 2,378) educational qualifications.
Pairwise comparisons of years since divorce across maternal (A) and paternal (B) educational qualifications. The plots comprise a mix of a violin plot (displaying the shape of the variable distribution) and a box plot (where the box is split by the median and bounded by the first and third quartiles of the distribution) along with the jittered raw datapoints. The red dot signifies mean values, also reported in text as with accompanying 95% confidence intervals (CI95%). Only significant pairwise comparisons are shown with accompanying p-values.
Fig 4.
Associations between years since divorce and GPA by maternal (n = 2,463) and paternal (n = 2,378) educational qualifications.
This figure shows the associations between years since divorce and the adolescents’ GPA by maternal (A) and paternal (B) educational qualifications. The blue lines represent the linear association, while the smoothed dotted black lines stem from GAMs The shaded area represents the 95% confidence intervals. Pearson's product-moment correlations of the linear associations are displayed in the top left quadrants with asterisks denoting statistically significant associations (* < 0.05, ** <0.01).