Fig 1.
Schematic Markov model for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) treatment.
NMOSD = neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, W/O = without, p-mild-relapse = probability of current health stage transitioning to mild relapse, p-severe-relapse = probability of current health stage transitioning to severe relapse, p-mild-death = probability of patients without or minimal disability stage transitioning to death, p-dis-death = probability of patients with disability stage transitioning to death, p-relapse-death = probability of patient death due to severe relapse, and p-progress = probability of patients with no or minimal disability stage transitioning to moderate or severe disability stage after severe relapse.
Table 1.
Cost and input parameters of decision models.
Fig 2.
Cost-effectiveness plane of lifetime cost and effectiveness of six treatment options for NMOSD.
ICER—incremental cost-effectiveness ratio; RTX—rituximab; MMF—mycophenolate mofetil; mCD27+ B cells—CD27+ B cell monitoring. The ICER is demonstrated as the Thai baht per QALY gained. The currency exchange rate for one USD is approximately 30.3 THB.
Table 2.
Costs and outcomes for each medication are expressed in THB (USD).
Fig 3.
Acceptability curves of the cost effectiveness at different ceiling thresholds for six NMOSD treatment options.
RTX—rituximab; MMF—mycophenolate mofetil; mCD27+ B cells–monitoring of CD27+ B cells.
Fig 4.
Results of a one-way sensitivity analysis of the administration of a rituximab biosimilar with a CD27+ B cells monitoring regimen compared to that of azathioprine in the treatment of NMOSD patients.
Table 3.
Budget impact of the adoption of new therapies for NMOSD in THB (USD).