Fig 1.
THP-1 viability after exposition to cigarette smoke (CS) extract and e-vapor extract.
Formazan-based test EZ4U was performed at 4 hours (day 0), 3 and 6 days of exposition to 10% CS extract, 100% e-vapor base extract with and without nicotine and e-vapor coffee flavor extract with and without nicotine. The viability percentage was calculated using cells unexposed as a control. The results are expressed as the average and standard deviation of six replicates of at least two independent experiments.
Fig 2.
Growth of M. tuberculosis H37Rv exposed to 10% CS extract, 100% e-vapor base extract with and without nicotine and e-vapor coffee flavor extract with and without nicotine.
The results are expressed as the average and standard deviation of duplicates of at least two independent experiments.
Fig 3.
M. tuberculosis intracellular CFUs counts over 6 days.
THP-1 macrophages exposed to 10% CS extract, 100% e-vapor base extract with and without nicotine and e-vapor coffee flavor extract with and without nicotine. The results are expressed as the average and standard deviation of triplicates of at least three independent experiments.
Fig 4.
Phagocytosis of M. bovis BCG-GFP by THP-1 macrophages.
Macrophages were exposed 10% CS extract, 100% e-vapor base extract with and without nicotine and e-vapor coffee flavor extract with and without nicotine. The results are expressed as the average and standard deviation of triplicates of at least three independent experiments using confocal microscopy. Significance from control, P<0,05, Mann-Whitney U test.
Fig 5.
Phagocytosis of GFP-latex beads by THP-1 macrophages.
Macrophages were exposed to 10% CS extract, 100% e-vapor base extract with and without nicotine and e-vapor coffee flavor extract with and without nicotine. 300 cells were counted. The results are expressed as the average and standard deviation of at least two independent experiments using confocal microscopy.
Fig 6.
Cytokine production by THP-1 exposed and non-exposed to e-vapor extract and CS extract.
Macrophages were exposed to 10% CS extract, 100% e-vapor base extract with and without nicotine and e-vapor coffee flavor extract with and without nicotine. Macrophages were uninfected or infected with M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain. (A) tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). (B) Interleukin 8 (IL-8). (C) interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β). (D) interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The results are expressed as the average and standard deviation of at least two independent experiments.
Fig 7.
Increment of the cytokine production at day 3 in infected cells compared with the uninfected cells with the same exposure.
The numbers in the figure are the result of dividing the amount of cytokine in infected cells between uninfected cells. Values higher than 1.0 mean production of cytokines in infected cells are higher than in uninfected. The higher the number, the higher the increment.