Table 1.
Composition of lornoxicam gel for membrane-based transdermal patches.
Table 2.
Physicochemical characterization of lornoxicam gels F1-F9 (n = 3).
Fig 1.
In vitro release profile of formulation F1-F9 (n = 3; mean ± SD) from lornoxicam reservoir patches.
Table 3.
Model fitting of the lornoxicam reservoir patches (F1-F9) release profile.
Fig 2.
In vitro permeation profile of formulation F1-F9 (n = 3; mean ± SD) from lornoxicam reservoir patches.
Table 4.
Permeation parameters of lornoxicam reservoir patches (F1-F9).
Fig 3.
(a): Effect of gelling agent concentration on drug release. (b): Effect of drug loading on drug release. (c): Effect of surface area on drug release. (d): Effect of transdermal components on drug release. (e): Effect of agitation speed on drug release.
Fig 4.
(a): Effect of gelling agent concentration on drug permeation. (b): Effect of drug loading on drug permeation. (c): Effect of surface area on drug permeation. (d): Effect of transdermal components on drug permeation. (e): Effect of agitation speed on drug permeation.
Table 5.
Comparison of experimental results (mean ± SD; 𝑛 = 3) and predicted values.
Table 6.
Model summary statistics (for reduced quadratic model).
Fig 5.
Contour plots (a) 𝑄10 (c) Flux (e) Lag-time and responses surface curves (b) 𝑄10 (d) Flux (f) Lag-time for optimization of lornoxicam reservoir patches.
Table 7.
Skin irritation study of optimized lornoxicam reservoir patch (mean ± SD; 𝑛 = 6).
Table 8.
Analgesic effect of optimized lornoxicam reservoir patch on the reaction time of rats by hot plate method (mean ± SD; 𝑛 = 6).
Table 9.
Effect of optimized lornoxicam formulation on 1% acetic acid induced writhes in the rat model (mean ± SD; 𝑛 = 6).
Fig 6.
Graphical presentation of anti-inflammatory activity of optimized lornoxicam reservoir patch; swelling of hind paw of control, standard and test rats (n = 6; mean ± SD) and % inhibition of standard and test.
Fig 7.
(a): Stability profile of lornoxicam reservoir patch at different temperatures. (b): Stability comparison profile of permeation (0–3 months) of lornoxicam patch at 4˚C.