Table 1.
Different types of path dependencies presented as a conceptual framework.
Table 2.
Review categories and definitions used in this analysis.
Fig 1.
(A) The number of publications in tropical marine science over time. Each year is subdivided into the type of publication, either single author or multi-author. Multi-author publications are referred to as collaboration publications, if all authors are from the same country they are classified as domestic and if there are authors from different countries they are classified as international. (B) Proportion of single author and collaboration publications by the region of the first author. Total N is shown to the right.
Table 3.
Total number of first author and total authors per country.
Only countries with more than 1%, all other countries are below 1% in both percentage lead author and all authors. Full table in S1 Table.
Fig 2.
Comparison of co-authorship trends at the country level.
(A) Ratio of the number of domestic vs international co-authors per country. (B) Total number of co-authors per country. (C) Number of countries collaborated with (at least once).
Fig 3.
Spatial projection of an undirected network analysis of international authorship collaboration between countries.
Red circular nodes indicate the number of international collaborations of individual countries. Node size is dependent on the total number of collaborations (i.e., all incoming and outgoing edge lines). The thickness of edge lines between countries represents the number of publications with authors from both countries. Node and edges sizes are scaled differently to enable better visualization.
Table 4.
Node centrality metrics for each network analysis.
Only the top 10 countries (nodes) are shown for undirected authorship network analysis. All twelve regions are shown in the directed author-to-region network. Full lists for undirected authorship network analysis can be found in S5 and S6 Tables.
Fig 4.
Directed network of the author country location with edge arrows going to the tropical region of research.
Black circular nodes indicate research regions and the in-degree (i.e., the number of edges coming into the region).
Fig 5.
Open access publications versus closed access by region of the first author.
Table 5.
Publication citation data by region.
Fig 6.
Top: Trajectories of the six terminology clusters identified from abstracts’ indicator words (1–6 Table 5 above) through space and time, as displayed through heat-maps of deviations from the occurrences of the cluster that would be expected if indicator words were uniformly distributed across clusters and regions in each year. Positive anomalies show increasing shades of brown, and negative anomalies turquoise (White = as expected if abstracts’ indicator words were even across clusters, space and time; Brown = more important; Turquoise = Less important; Black = No publication for that year and region). Mid: Time series of the contributions of each terminology to the total number of indicator words produced that year; increasing line widths represent the growing number of total publications (and hence: indicator words) through time. Bottom: Percentage contribution of each World Bank region to each terminology, averaged over time. White areas are countries with no first author publication.
Table 6.
Clustering of 248 indicator words into six terminology groups, based on their co-occurrence in 1328 abstracts.