Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants.
Table 2.
Measured values during ultrasound (PWV and CIMT) and IHE-IRM in healthy controls and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Fig 1.
Representative MR anatomical and flow velocity images during measurement of coronary vasomotor response of the right coronary artery (RCA) to handgrip exercise. Representative images obtained from a child with A) T1DM (left panel) and B) a healthy control (right panel). (a) double oblique scout scan obtained in parallel to the RCA. (b) cross-sectional images of the RCA acquired at rest (baseline). (c) cross-sectional images of the RCA during isometric handgrip stress. The vessel lumen area is represented by the red line.
Fig 2.
Hemodynamic effects of exercise during IHE-MRI measured by rate pressure product change in healthy (white boxes) and children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (black boxes). Both groups show significant increase in the rate pressure product during handgrip confirming the usability of the IHE-method to induce stress. Children with T1D had a higher but not significant baseline rate pressure product.
Fig 3.
Comparison of changes in coronary cross-sectional area during IHE.
The white boxes represent the mean volumetric change in mm2 of coronary artery area in healthy children. A: The black boxes represent the mean volumetric change in mm2 of coronary artery area in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). B: individual changes in coronary cross-sectional area.