Fig 1.
The flow chart of the data collection protocol.
The series of shoulder, elbow and lower back fatiguing protocols were performed in random order. The green lines indicate when the Borg CR10 score was asked. MVCs, NFRPT, FRPT, FRRPT stand for maximal voluntary contractions, non-fatigued RPT, Fatigued RPT, Fatigue Recovered RPT, respectively.
Fig 2.
Shoulder, elbow and lower back fatiguing protocol setups.
From the figure A to C are the figures showing the shoulder, elbow and lower back fatiguing protocols, respectively.
Fig 3.
Joint angles between conditions (NF vs EF vs SF vs TF).
*NF, EF, SF and TF represent non-fatigued RPT, elbow fatigued RPT, shoulder fatigued RPT and trunk fatigued RPT respectively. Angle definitions refer to the definitions by Gates et al. (2016) and We et al. (2005). The signs of trunk lateral flexion, trunk rotation, shoulder elevation, shoulder rotation and elbow abduction angles are changed to obtain the positive values. Positive values in trunk lateral flexion, trunk rotation and trunk flexion angle means bending towards the non-reaching side, rotating towards the reaching side and bending forward respectively; Positive shoulder elevation angle and shoulder rotation angle stands for humerus horizontal flexion forward, humerus elevation, humerus external rotation. Positive elbow flexion, elbow abduction and forearm rotation means forearm flexion, forearm abduction and pronation. * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01.
Fig 4.
Joint angular variabilities between conditions (NF vs EF vs SF vs TF).
*NF, EF, SF and TF represent non-fatigued RPT, elbow fatigued RPT, shoulder fatigued RPT and trunk fatigued RPT respectively. The letters after * above the bars indicate significant differences. * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01.