Fig 1.
PRISMA flowchart.
Table 1.
Characteristics of mathematical modeling studies.
Table 2.
Characteristics of randomized controlled trials.
Fig 2.
Risk of bias summary: Review of authors' judgments on the risk of bias for mathematical modeling studies by item.
A. Review authors’ judgments presented as percentage across all mathematical modeling studies. B. Risk of bias summary for mathematical modeling studies.
Fig 3.
Risk of bias summary: Review of authors’ judgments on the risk of bias of randomized controlled trials by item.
A. Review authors’ judgments presented as percentages across all randomized controlled trials. B. Risk of bias summary for randomized controlled trials.