Fig 1.
Schematic map of Americas showing approximate extension of the four studied species, color as indicated.
Fig 2.
Macrocypraea mammoth shells of types.
(A-F) Holotype MZSP 137544 (L 133.1 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. (E) Anterior view. (F) Posterior view. (G-I) paratype MZSP 137545 (L 100.0 mm). (G) Dorsal view. (H) Apertural view. (I) right view. (J-N) Paratype MZSP 137546 (now broken) (L 112.3 mm). (J) Apertural view. (K) Dorsal view. (L) Left view. (M) Right view. (N) Same, right portion of shell removed.
Fig 3.
Macrocypraea spp shells and in situ.
(A-D) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 108077 (L 95.8 mm). (A) Dorsal view. (B) Apertural view. (C) Right view. (D) Left view. E) M. mammoth MZSP 108079 subadult specimen (L 80.4 mm), dorsal view. (F) Same, apertural view. (G) M. cervus MZSP 8149, from Mexico (L 152.9 mm), Apertural view. (H) Same, dorsal view. (I-K) M. cervus ANSP 93276, from Florida (L 129.4 mm). (I) Apertural view. (J) Dorsal view (broken). (K) Same, specimen and dorsal shell wall removed. (L) Alive paratypes in situ.; (M) Alive holotype in situ. (N-P) M. cervus, MZSP 115362, from Cuba (L 98.5 mm). (N) Apertural view. (O) Dorsal view. (P) Right view.
Fig 4.
Macrocypraea spp radulae in SEM.
(A) M. mammoth paratype MZSP 137546; (B-C) M. mammoth holotype. (D) M. cervus ANSP 93276. (E) Same, detail. scales = 32–35: 1 mm, 36: 0.5 mm. (F-K) M. mammoth MZSP 137545, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) (L 100.0 mm). |(F) Frontal view. (G) Same, more ventral portions removed. (H) Anterior view. (I) Posterior view. (J) Right view, right half removed. (K) Same, section along columellar axis.
Fig 5.
(A) Head-foot, male, right view. (B) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed. Scales = 10 mm.
Fig 6.
(A) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed, radular sac uncoiled downwards. (B) Buccal mass, left view. (C) Visceral mass and posterior part of pallial cavity, ventral view, midgut seen as in situ, kidney opened longitudinally, only topology of gill shown. (D) Odontophore, dorsal view, both cartilages (oc) deflected, left m4 and m5 (right in figure) partially sectioned. Scales = 5 mm.
Fig 7.
(A) Female genital system and adjacent structures as in situ, ventral view, transverse section artificially done in middle region of pallial oviduct, ovary (oy) only partially shown, kidney not shown in details. (B) Foregut, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore (od) deflected to left. (C) Anterior male genital structures, dorsal view, topology of right tentacle (te) also shown. (D) Detail of middle region of pallial oviduct, dorsal view, bursa copulatrix (bc) artificially sectioned in two regions. Scales = 5 mm.
Fig 8.
(A) Whole specimen extracted from shell, left view, visceral mass slightly deflected upwards. (B) Head-foot, male, right view.; (C) Pallial roof and visceral mass, ventral view, portion of gill ventral to pericardium removed, anterior region of digestive gland (dg) and hypobranchial gland (HG) partially sectioned transversally, transverse section of indicated region of capsule gland (cg) also shown. (D) Right mantle lobe, middle region, outer view. (E) Head, ventral view, foot and columellar muscle removed. Scales = 5 mm.
Fig 9.
(A) Foregut, left view, some structures deflected, (B) Same, ventral view, opened longitudinally, odontophore removed. Scales = 5 mm.
Fig 10.
(A) Visceral mass, male, ventral view, partially uncoiled. (B) Right region of pallial cavity floor and penis, dorsal-slightly posterior view, transverse section in two indicated regions also shown. (C) Central nervous system, ventral view. Scales = 5 mm.
Fig 11.
Macrocypraea cervus, 3D reconstructions of shell (CT-Scan) MZSP 121238 (L 98.5 mm).
(A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view.(D) Posterior view. (E), Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis.
Fig 12.
Macrocypraea, 3D reconstructions of shells (CT-Scan).
(A-F) M. cervinetta MZSP 131503 (L 58 mm). (A) Frontal view. (B) Same, more ventral portions removed. (C) Anterior view; (D) Posterior view. (E) Right view, right half removed. (F) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis. (G-L) M. zebra MZSP 38946 (L 100 mm). (G) Frontal view. (H) Same, more ventral portions removed. (I) Anterior view. (J) Posterior view. (K), Right view, right half removed. (L) Same, longitudinal section along columellar axis.