Table 1.
Thirty avian adenovirus strains for hexon gene nucleotide and amino acids were used in the phylogenetic tree analysis.
Table 2.
Thirty avian adenovirus strains for fiber gene nucleotide and amino acids were used in the phylogenetic tree analysis.
Fig 1.
Cytopathic effects of chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells following inoculation with FAdV isolate, UPM1137.
(a) Uninfected primary CEL cells with large irregular epithelial islands (thick arrow) surrounded by network of fibroblast (line arrows) after 4 days culture. (b) Passage 2 (CEL2) infected cells with refractile, rounding and clumping of cells (arrows) at 26 hours pi. (c) Passage 10 (CEL10) infected cells with refractile, rounded and clumping of cells (arrows) at 32 hours pi. (d) Passage 20 (CEL20) infected cells with clumping of (arrows) at 52 hours pi. (e) Passage 30 (CEL30) infected cells with clumping of cells at 62 hours pi. (f) Passage 35 (CEL35) infected cells with refractile, rounding and clumping of cells on entire monolayer (arrows) at 70 hours pi, Scale bar = 100μm.
Fig 2.
Chicken embryo liver (CEL) cells stained with haematoxylin and eosin for detection of basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies.
(a) Normal CEL cells comprising epithelial island of hepatocytes (thick arrow) surrounded by fibroblasts (thin arrow) at 48 hours post cultured. (b) Infected CEL cells by FAdV isolate (CEL35) at 48 hours pi with CPE of cells detachment and presence of basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies (thick arrow) surrounded by unaffected fibroblast, Scale bar = 50.0μm.
Fig 3.
Electrophoresis of polymerase chain reaction products amplifying hexon and fiber gene regions of FAdV using primers, H1/H2, H3/H4 and FibF/FibR with fragment sizes of (a): 1219bp, (b): 1319bp, and (c): 1124bp in 1% agarose gel from sample of the original passage (E2) and passaged FAdV isolates in chicken embryo liver cells. Lane M: 1kb DNA Marker (iNtRON), Lane 1: Positive control (UPM04217), Lane 2: Original isolate (E2), Lane 3: CEL1 FAdV, Lane 4: CEL5 FAdV, Lane 5: CEL10 FAdV, Lane 6: CEL15 FAdV, Lane 7: CEL20 FAdV, Lane 8: CEL25 FAdV, Lane 9: CEL30 FAdV, Lane 10: CEL35 FAdV, Lane 11: Negative control.
Fig 4.
Phylogenetic tree of 198 amino acid residues based on L1 loop hexon gene shown the passaged FAdV isolates in CEL cells (shaded in dark gray) were classified under group E species (shaded in light gray).
Fig 5.
Phylogenetic tree of amino acid residues based on fiber gene shown the passaged FAdV isolates in CEL cells (shaded in dark gray) was classified under group E species (shaded in light gray).
Fig 6.
SPF chicken at day 14pi showed normal gross and histological structure of liver in all group.
(a) Control group. (b) Group B of chicken inoculated with FAdV isolate subcutaneously. (c) Control group. (d) Group B of chicken inoculated with FAdV isolate subcutaneously. HE, Scale bar = 100μm.