Table 1.
Demographic profile of the study population.
Table 2.
Haematological parameters of the study population.
Fig 1.
Low BMI is associated with diminished frequencies and absolute counts of T cells, B cells and NK cells.
(A) The frequencies of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and NK cells in LTBI-LBMI [LBMI] (n = 30) or LTBI-NBMI [NBMI] (n = 30) group were measured by flow cytometry clinical software. (B) The absolute counts of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and NK cells in LTBI-LBMI [LBMI] (n = 30) or LTBI-NBMI [NBMI] (n = 30) group were measured by flow cytometry clinical software. The data are depicted as scatter plots and each circle represent a single person. Mann–Whitney U-test with Holms correction for multiple comparisons were done to calculate p values.
Fig 2.
LBMI is associated with altered frequencies of CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells.
(A) Gating strategy for CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells: An illustrative flow cytometry plot from a LTBI-LBMI individual depicting the gating strategy for naïve, central memory and effector memory cells from CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Naïve cells were defined by the expression of CD45RA+ CCR7+; effector memory cells as CD45RA- CCR7-; central memory cells as CD45RA- CCR7+; and effector cells as CD45RA+CCR7-. (B) The frequencies of CD4+ T cell subsets—naïve cells, central memory, effector memory cells, effector cells and regulatory T cells in LTBI-LBMI [LBMI] (n = 30) or LTBI-NBMI [NBMI] (n = 30) group. (C) The frequencies of CD8+ T cell subsets—naïve cells, central memory, effector memory cells, effector cells and regulatory T cells in LTBI-LBMI [LBMI] (n = 30) or LTBI-NBMI [NBMI] (n = 30) group. The data are depicted as scatter plots and each circle represent a single person. Mann–Whitney U-test with Holms correction for multiple comparisons were done to calculate p values.
Fig 3.
LBMI is associated with diminished frequencies of B cell subsets.
(A) Gating strategy for B cell subsets: An illustrative flow cytometry plot from an LTBI-LBMI individual depicting the gating strategy for naïve, immature, classical memory (CM), activated memory (AM), atypical memory (ATM), immature and plasma cells from CD45+ CD19+ cells. Naïve cells were classified as CD21+ CD27-; classical memory (CM) cells as CD21+ CD27+; activated memory (AM) cells as CD21- CD27+; Atypical memory (ATM) cell as CD21- CD27; immature B cells as CD21+ CD10+; and plasma cells as CD21- CD27-. (B) Frequencies of B cell subsets—naïve B cells, classical memory B cells (CM), activated memory (AM), atypical memory (ATM), immature and plasma cells in LTBI-LBMI [LBMI] (n = 30) or LTBI-NBMI [NBMI] (n = 30) group. The data are depicted as scatter plots and each circle represent a single person. Mann–Whitney U-test with Holms correction for multiple comparisons were done to calculate p values.
Fig 4.
LBMI is associated with altered frequencies of monocyte and dendritic cell subsets.
(A) Gating strategy for monocyte subsets: An illustrative flow cytometry plot depicting the gating strategy for monocyte subsets. Classical monocytes were defined by the expression of CD45+ HLA-DR+ CD14hi CD16–; intermediate monocytes as CD45+ HLA-DR+ CD14hi CD16dim and non-classical monocytes were defined by the expression of CD45+ HLADR+ CD14dim CD16hi. (B) The frequencies of monocyte (classical, intermediate and non-classical) subsets in LTBI-LBMI [LBMI] (n = 30) or LTBI-NBMI [NBMI] (n = 30) individuals. (C) An illustrative flow cytometry plot from an LTBI-LBMI individual depicting the gating strategy of plasmacytoid (pDC) and myeloid DCs (mDC). Plasmacytoid DC were defined by the expression of (Lin−HLA-DR+ CD123+) and myeloid DCs as (Lin−HLA-DR+ CD11c+). (D) The frequencies of DC (pDC, mDC and MDSC) subsets in LTBI-LBMI [LBMI] (n = 30) or LTBI-NBMI [NBMI] (n = 30) group. The data are depicted as scatter plots and each circle represent a single person. Mann–Whitney U-test with Holms correction for multiple comparisons were done to calculate p values.
Fig 5.
Relationship between immune cells and BMI.
Relationship between immune cell frequencies and BMI in LTBI individuals. The relationship between the (A) Frequencies and cell counts of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells and NK cells and BMI were examined in all individuals with LTBI (n = 60). (B) Frequencies of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ memory T cells and BMI were assessed in LTBI (n = 60) (C) Frequencies of B cell subsets and BMI were assessed in LTBI (n = 60) (D) Frequencies of monocyte and DC subsets and BMI were assessed in LTBI (n = 60). The data are depicted as correlation rank matrices with r values being indicated by horizontal bars. p and r values were determined by Spearman rank correlation test at 95% confidence intervals by JMP software.