Fig 1.
Simplistic Sustainable Approach of Algal Biofuels Production from Wastewater Using a HABR-PBR System.
Fig 2.
Schematic of the experimental set up of HABR-PBR system.
(a) HABR (U) and HABR (I) (1 –uninsulated HABR (U), 2 –insulated HABR (I), 3 –Temperature data logger, 4 –peristaltic pump, 5 –Sino timer, 6 –feed tank, 7 –mixing device). (b) Photobioreactor (PBR) setup including gravity settling (1 –air pump, 2 –PBR).
Table 1.
Summary of HABR configuration (identical for uninsulated and insulated).
Table 2.
Characteristics of influent and effluent wastewater, and final removal efficiency of HABR (U) and HABR (I).
Fig 3.
pH, ORP, and Temperature data of both HABR (U) and HABR (I).
(a) pH and (b) ORP of influent, effluent, and chambers of both reactors. (c) Temperature data of raw, air, and variation within reactor chambers.
Fig 4.
NH4+-N, NO3--N, and PO43- loading and removal rate of HABR (U) and HABR (I).
Fig 5.
Microalgae species as observed under the light microscope and monitoring data during cultivation.
(a) Co-culture microalgae species, as seen on day 6 (10x –left, 40x-right (1—Chlorella vulgaris, 2—Chlorella sorokiniana, and 3—Scenedesmus simris002)). (b) Microalgae concentration during cultivation and within PBRs; and productivity and specific growth rate during eight (8) days of cultivation.
Table 3.
Monitoring parameters of culture media during microalgae cultivation in PBRs.
Fig 6.
Light irradiation pattern during microalgae cultivation on PBRs (1–4).
Table 4.
Analysis of microalgae growth in PBRs during cultivation for eight days.
Fig 7.
FTIR absorbance spectrum on microalgae dry cell samples.
Fig 8.
FTIR absorbance spectrum on biofuels samples after transesterification.
Table 5.
FTIR band assignments for microalgae dry cell and biodiesel samples.
Fig 9.
GC-FID chromatogram of FAMEs composition of microalgal biodiesel.
Fig 10.
FAME Carbon (C16-C18) fraction and fatty acid profile of microalgal biodiesel.
Table 6.
Characteristics of wastewater before and after harvesting of microalgae in PBRs.