Table 1.
Differences between the dialogic reading and screen stories intervention groups before intervention using independent-samples t tests.
Table 2.
Effect of intervention in dialogic reading and screen story intervention groups on linguistic measures.
Table 3.
Differences in behavioral and network (EEG) measures for the stories-listening task between the dialogic reading and screen stories intervention groups.
Fig 1.
Differences in alpha functional connectivity between the dialogic reading and screen stories intervention groups.
The screen stories group (red) showed significantly increased alpha functional connectivity (debiased wPLI) compared to the dialogic reading group (blue). A contiguous band of increased connectivity was observed between 10 and 13 Hz, in 0.5 Hz increments.
Fig 2.
A comparison in functional connectivity between the dialogic reading and screen stories groups (screen>dialogic reading).
The screen stories group showed a single cluster of increased posterior functional connectivity during stories listening. Findings from NBS analyses; 5,000 permutations, P<0.05, at initial thresholds of t = 2 through 4 at increments of 0.2. Shown here, the cluster of increased connectivity at t = 3.2. (Neurological orientation, L = left, R = right).
Fig 3.
Network’s transitivity and efficiency in the dialogic reading and screen stories intervention groups.
(A) Increased network’s transitivity (left panel) and (B) efficiency (right panel) for the screen stories group (Screen; right bar in each panel) compared to the dialogic reading group (Dialogic reading; left bar in each panel). *P<0.05.