Fig 1.
Overview of the protocol per group.
Fig 2.
Graphical visualization of tumor growth per treatment group.
Estimated geometric mean tumor volumes according to treatment group as a function of time since tumor confirmation in days for animals with a geometric mean pretreatment tumor volume of 17.7 mm3.
Table 1.
Overview of estimated geometric mean tumor volumes.
Fig 3.
MR imaging of GB growth per treatment group.
In vivo serial CE-T1w MRI scans in the same rat showing GB growth in the four treatment groups.
Table 2.
Comparison of estimated mean tumor volumes between treatment groups.
Table 3.
Pairwise comparisons of the percentage tumor growth between day 3 and 13 for all treatment groups.
Fig 4.
Histological analysis performed on paraffin-embedded slices of resected GB of a rat.
A. H&E staining confirmed the presence of GB characterized by central tumor necrosis (1), tumor (2) and the peritumoral zone with infiltrating cancer cells (3) surrounded by healthy brain tissue (4). B. Immunohistochemistry for Ki67 indicated that GB is highly proliferative, except for the necrotic tumor core: tumor necrosis (1), tumor (2), peritumoral zone with infiltrating cancer cells (3) and healthy brain tissue (4). C-D. Immunohistochemistry for GFAP and Cx43 demonstrated GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes and enhanced Cx43 expression at the peritumoral zone.
Fig 5.
Extra-cranial and extra-axial tumor development.
A. Extra-cranial and extra-axial tumor development on CE-T1w image. B. In vivo serial CE-T1w MRI scans in the same rat showing extra-axial tumor development. Invasion of cancer cells from the extra-cranial tumor through the cranial sutures leading to extra-axial tumor development indicated by the red box.