Fig 1.
Flow chart of literature search.
Table 1.
Summary of studies included in the review.
Table 2.
Effects of exercise cum CBT intervention at post-intervention against different control conditions.
Table 3.
Effects of exercise cum CBT intervention at follow-up against different control conditions.
Fig 2.
Forest plots for the effects of exercise cum cognitive-behavioural (CBT) intervention at post-intervention: (a) exercise alone as control, (b) CBT alone as control, (c) nonspecific control, and (d) all controls.
Fig 3.
Forest plots for the effects of exercise cum cognitive-behavioural (CBT) intervention at follow-up: (a) exercise alone as control, (b) CBT alone as control, (c) nonspecific control, and (d) all controls.
Table 4.
Risk of bias across studies.
Fig 4.
Distribution of risks of bias across studies.
Fig 5.
Funnel plots for (a) pain intensity at post-intervention, (b) pain intensity at follow-up, (c) functional disability at post-intervention, and (d) functional disability at follow-up, all control conditions.