Fig 1.
Flowchart of selection process for eligible studies.
Table 1.
Basic characteristics of included studies.
Table 2.
Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale (case-control) for 9 studiesa included in this meta-analysis.
Fig 2.
Forest plots of OR/WMD estimates for the following.
(A) age. (B) gender (male vs. female). (C) hypertension. (D) level of GFR.
Fig 3.
Forest plots of OR estimates for initial clinical features: hematuria, mild proteinuria±hematuria, acute nephritic syndrome, nephrotic syndrome, and nephritic-nephrotic syndrome.
Fig 4.
Forest plots of OR estimates for initial renal biopsy: Crescentic nephritis (ISKDC grades III-V).
Table 3.
Results of meta-analysis.
Fig 5.
Subgroup analysis of in renal features with nephrotic syndrome.
(A) follow-up duration. (B) ethnicity. (C)date of publication. (D) study quality.
Fig 6.
Subgroup analysis of in initial renal biopsy with crescentic nephritis (ISKDC grades III-V).
(A) follow-up duration. (B) ethnicity. (C) date of publication. (D) study quality. Sensitivity analysis showed that no individual study significantly altered the effects of nephrotic syndrome, nephritic-nephrotic syndrome and initial renal biopsy with crescentic nephritis on patient prognosis (Fig 7).
Fig 7.
(A) nephrotic syndrome. (B) nephritic-nephrotic syndrome. (C) initial renal biopsy with crescentic nephritison.