Fig 1.
Investments in pollution abatement from 2008 to 2016 in China.
Fig 2.
Evolving trend on government financial support for R&D activities from 2008 to 2016 in China (ten thousand yuan).
Fig 3.
Comparison on Government financial support for R&D activities among Chinese provinces or municipalities (ten thousand yuan).
Fig 4.
Corporate R&D expense and successful patent applications from 2008 to 2016 in China.
Fig 5.
R&D expense and successful patent applications in Chinese provinces or municipalities.
Table 1.
Descriptive statistics of variables.
Table 2.
Benchmark regression results for the whole sample.
Table 3.
Results of robustness check replacing the explained variable with successful patent applications.
Table 4.
Results of robustness check taking pollution control costs per thousand industrial output as the proxy indicator for environmental regulation.
Table 5.
Results of robustness check with lagged explanatory variables.
Table 6.
Descriptive statistics of samples from different regions.
Table 7.
Regression results for eastern, central, and western China.