Fig 1.
Hypothesized lag effect showing the relationship between fluctuating temperatures (over days to weeks) and the optimal levels of a hypothetical temperature-dependent host immune parameter. The immune parameter follows and lags behind temperature changes–resulting in periods of a compromised immune status after a temperature increase, and resulting in an over-active (or unnecessarily costly) immune status after a temperature decrease. Modified from Raffel et al. (2006).
Fig 2.
Mean Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection abundance.
Mean Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infection abundance (± SE) measured at death, or at euthanasia 16-days after Bd exposure, in both western toad (Anaxyrus boreas) larvae and red legged frog (Rana aurora) larvae from Oregon, USA, and between the two temperatures at the time of Bd-exposure (cold [15° C] versus warm [20° C]) and between larvae having experienced either a constant or shifted temperature. Bd infection abundance is quantified as the log (1 + Bd genomic equivalents) per excised larval mouthparts of all individuals exposed to the pathogen.